1. They are formed by combining a verb with one or two particles, such as "up," "out," or "off," to create a new meaning
2. The main reason is to express subtle differences in meaning that cannot be captured by a single verb.
3. They add colour and nuance to the English language.
4. By adding a particle. For example, the verb "turn" combined with the particle "on" means "to activate," but combined with the particle "up" means "to increase the volume" (turn up).
5. They add richness and complexity to communication.

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